تحلیل معناشناختی صفات الهی در قرآن و حدیث با تأکید بر صحیفه سجادیه: راهبردی برای عبور از تعطیل و تشبیه

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• ابوذر نوروزی ¹
• یونس غفاری پور ²

¹ استادیار،گروه آموزش الهیات،معارف و تربیت اسلامی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

² استادیار،گروه آموزش الهیات، معارف و تربیت اسلامی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کلیدواژه‌ها

• صفات الهی
• معناشناسی
• صحیفة سجادیه
• الهیات کارکردی
• الهیات تعبیری
• الهیات سلبی
• الهیات تنزیهی

موضوعات

• الهیات
• علوم قرآن و حدیث
• فلسفه و کلام اسلامی
• معارف اسلامی

A Semantic Analysis of Divine Attributes in the Quran and Hadith with Emphasis on al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya: A Strategy for Transcending[Taʿṭīl] and Anthropomorphism [Tashbīh]

Abstract

The discussion about God's names and attributes has various dimensions, the most important of which is its semantic aspect. The human reading of this aspect of the divine names and attributes will profoundly influence the nature of his relationship with God, both epistemically and devotionally; because human knowledge of and connection with God occurs through these very names and attributes. The semantic dimension has become a major focus of attention in contemporary theology and philosophy of religion. This research answers the question: How can God's attributes be known? And what is the relationship between the attributes of the Creator and those of humans? This article, using the methods of propositional and systemic analysis, examines the viewpoint of the Holy Quran and the hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), particularly Imam Sajjad (AS), on this matter. The results of this study show that the Quranic verses and narrations provide guiding and systematic concepts for overcoming the challenges facing this issue. In the specific perspective of the Quran and Hadith, especially al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, this issue is founded upon two principles: the negation of Taʿṭīl (negation/inaction) and the negation of Tashbīh (anthropomorphism/resemblance). In negating Taʿṭīl, one is guided to the existence of the Creator through creation, and God makes Himself known to humans through the heart and innate nature, and describes Himself through His actions and the negation of deficiencies. In negating Tashbīh, due to the difference between the Creator and the created, and the inability to conceive God's essence, any description—even in its most precise and subtle form by created beings—is unacceptable, because such descriptions entail the false consequences of limitation and imperfection. In the epistemological system of Imam Sajjad's (AS) theology, non-anthropomorphic interpretive, functional, negative, and positive theologies are accepted, while anthropomorphic positive theology is rejected due to its corrupt implications.

Keywords: Divine Attributes, Semantics, al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, Functional Theology, Interpretive Theology, Negative Theology, Apophatic Theology.