تاریخ انگاره تعقیب نماز در کتب اربعه حدیثی شیعی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• ربابه میرباقری فیروزآباد ¹
• مژگان سرشار ²
• سید محسن میرباقری ³

¹ دانشجوی دکتری رشته علوم قرآن وحدیث، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

² استادیار گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

³ . دانشیار رشته علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تاریخ‌انگاره
• تعقیبات نماز
• کتابهای اربعه حدیثی متقدم امامیه
• روایتهای شیعه

موضوعات

• علوم قرآن و حدیث
• معارف اسلامی

The History of the Concept of Post-Prayer Supplications (Ta‘qibat) in the Four Early Shi‘i Hadith Collections

Rababeh Mirbagheri Firuzabadi¹*, Mozhgan Sarshar², Seyed Mohsen Mirbagheri³

¹ Ph.D. Student of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. robabeh.mirbagheri@gmail.com

² Assistant Professor, Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author). Sarshar2008@gmail.com

³ Associate Professor, Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. D.mirbagheri@gmail.com

ABSTRACT. Ta‘qibat al-salat—supplications recited after the obligatory prayer—play a central role in preserving the spiritual essence and effects of prayer and in preventing forgetfulness and mental distraction. The Qur’anic term muʿaqqibāt refers to guardian angels, but in lexicographical works it has also been used to denote supplications after prayer and even rows of camels waiting to drink water. In the present study, Ta‘qibat refers specifically to the post-prayer supplications identified in the lexicons under the term muʿaqqibāt. The main question of this research concerns the historical development of the concept and practices of Ta‘qibat in the four foundational hadith books of the early Imamiyya: al-Kāfī, Man lā yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh, Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām, and al-Istibṣār. Using a qualitative-comparative content analysis and library sources, the study seeks to identify and explain textual changes in the supplications and related practices. The corpus consists of the chapters on Ta‘qibat within Kitāb al-Ṣalāh of these four works. The findings show that over a span of 131 years, the Ta‘qibat narratives in these collections expanded continually—adding further virtues, etiquettes, and supplications—due to differences in the authors’ objectives, writing styles, and temporal-spatial contexts.

KEYWORDS: Historiography, Ta‘qibat al-Salat, The Four Early Shi‘i Hadith Books, Imamiyya Narratives.

1. INTRODUCTION

Prayer holds a special place in the lives of Muslims. This divine obligation is accompanied by Ta'qibat, which play a key role in deepening the connection with God. Linguistically, Ta'qib derives from 'aqqaba, meaning to follow someone, or 'aqqaba-hu, meaning to come after him with something. When paired with al-Salah, it signifies sitting after prayer for supplication and communion with God (Bustani, 1375 SH: 617). Ta'qibat are a collection of invocations, prayers, verses, and chapters recited after the prayer is concluded. In his exegesis, Al-Mizan, regarding verse 11 of Surah Al-Ra'd, Allamah Tabatabai interprets the word mu'aqqib as meaning guardian or protector (Tabatabai, 1374 SH, vol. 11: 429).

Previous sources, such as Al-Dhari'ah ila Tasānif al-Shi'ah (Agha Bozorg Tehrani, 1355 AH, vol. 4: 217-219), list books and treatises written about Ta'qibat. Masudi in Ithbat al-Wasiyyah (Masudi, 1362 SH: 435), Al-Kaf'ami in Al-Balad al-Amin (Kaf'ami, 1418 AH: 8), and Shaykh Bahai in Miftah al-Falah (Shaykh Bahai, 1405 AH: 64-66) have all discussed Ta'qibat. The present research problem is the history of the idea of prayer Ta'qibat and their evolution within the Four Books of the early Imamiyya. This study, using a descriptive-analytical approach and library resources, applies the method of the history of ideas to examine and extract the changes and developments in narratives related to prayer Ta'qibat. The Four Books—Al-Kafi, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, and Al-Istibsar—were compiled by early Imami scholars in the 4th and 5th centuries AH. One of the reasons for the developments in the history of the concept of prayer, the addition of materials, and the expansion of this history in the classical narrative sources is the authors' purpose and motivation, their method of selecting narratives, as well as the differences in their writing style and manner of presenting the narratives in their books.