نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

• محمد سبحانی نیا

استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

چکیده

کلیدواژه‌ها

• زیارت عاشورا
• تولّی
• تبرّی
• لعن
• دعا
• تحلیل مضمون

موضوعات

• الهیات
• علوم قرآن و حدیث
• معارف اسلامی

Application of the Method of Content Analysis

Mohammad Sobhaninia[1], Faculty Member, Faculty of Literature, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran .

ABSTRACT:

One of the most important Shiite ziyarats is Ziyarat Ashura. This ziyarat presents the purest Shiite epistemological foundations in the form of a “prayer-like” literature, which shows that its content goes far beyond a simple expression of devotion and personal supplication. Although many researchers have paid attention to explaining this ziyarat, what has been addressed so far has mostly focused on its commentary and interpretation. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the hidden concepts and structures in the text of this ziyarat by using the method of content analysis, extracting quantitative data, the frequency of key words, the main themes, and the sub-themes or focal points of Ziyarat Ashura. By “classifying” the orientations derived from a total of 59 passages of Ziyarat Ashura, it was found that the text focuses on three main axes: tawallī (loyalty), tabarrī (disavowal), and supplications, and the most central theme of Ziyarat Ashura is aversion to and dissociation from the enemies of Islam. To identify the research “categories,” it was found that among the 14 main themes extracted, the most frequent theme was cursing (20 cases), which shows that the orientation of Ziyarat Ashura, which is tabarrī, is manifested in the term la‘n (curse). The results of this research indicate that Ziyarat Ashura is not a simple text, but rather a multilayered one through which, by reflection and contemplation, the socio-political thought and Shiite motivation can be recognized and introduced to resistance movements as a model for enemy recognition and resistance against oppression.

Keywords:  Ziyarat Ashura, tawallī (loyalty), tabarrī (disavowal), la‘n (curse), supplication, content analysis.

INTRODUCTION

The Ashura pilgrimage, like many other pilgrimages and supplications narrated from the Imams, is one of the valuable symbolic and spiritual assets of Shiism, the content of which goes far beyond the limits of an expression of devotion and individual presentation. This pilgrimage presents the purest foundations of knowledge that a Shiite needs at any time in his inner and spiritual connection with his Imam, in the form of a "prayer-like" literature.

The present study aims to analyze the text of this pilgrimage using the method of "content analysis" and to clarify its various dimensions. The present study attempts to answer the following questions using the descriptive method and content analysis and using the aforementioned theory: 1. What are the key words and main themes of the Ashura pilgrimage? 2. What are the sub-themes or focal points of this pilgrimage? 3. The main focus of the Ashura pilgrimage is the basis of all the behaviors of Muslim and believing people throughout their lives. What is it?

CONCLUSION

Studies conducted on the text of the Ashura pilgrimage show that it is more than a simple text, it contains secrets and hidden points that can be extracted with emerging research methods. It seems that the repeated recommendations of religious figures and their practical behavior on reciting the Ashura pilgrimage are not unrelated to the epistemological discussions contained in it. The Ashura pilgrimage is an effective tool for guiding people's thoughts, behaviors, and emotions in the era of occultation, which can be used as a model for recognizing Shiite identity, taking a stand against oppression, and realizing spiritual and social goals. The meaningful analysis of the Ashura pilgrimage based on the scientific research method of content analysis and the abundance of key words as well as sub-themes or focal points leads us to the conclusion that the Ashura pilgrimage is endowed with two great teachings in life: the rightful guardianship of those who follow the path of truth and truth, and the innocence of oppressors and criminals. The most central theme of this pilgrimage is the concept of abstinence from the enemy, which is manifested in cursing and malediction. The Ashura pilgrimage has redefined enmity with the enemies of God as one of the pillars of faith and a criterion for distinguishing the alignment of right and wrong in history and society. The prerequisite for this is the knowledge of enemies. The pilgrimage of Ashura, by naming individuals and groups who deserve to be cursed, teaches us that the believers' disavowal of enemies and their declaration of hatred and aversion and demarcation must be open and transparent in word and deed. This analysis shows that the high cognitive dimension of Ashura should not be sacrificed for its emotional dimension. The pilgrimage of Ashura is a manifesto of love and hatred.